LITOPAEDIA

Brief Introduction about the poet: John Keats  John Keats was born in London on 31 October 1795. Although he died at the age of twenty-five, Keats had perhaps the most remarkable career of any English poet. He published only fifty-four poems, in three slim volumes and a few magazines. But over his short development, he took on the challenges of a wide range of poetic forms from the sonnet, to the Spenserian romance, to the Miltonic epic, defining anew their possibilities with his distinctive fusion of earnest energy, control of conflicting perspectives and forces, poetic self-consciousness, and, occasionally, dry ironic wit. Keats belonged to the second generation of the romantic poet along with Lord Byron and PB Shelly. He was greatly influenced by Edmund Spencer, Leigh Hunt, John Milton and William Hazlitt. Keats died of tuberculosis. Keats was regarded as the sensuous poet, as his poem arouses the senses of the readers. Mathew Arnold regarded Keats as 'Abundauntly and enchanting

James Joyce (James Augustine Aloysius Joyce) was born on 2nd February 1882, Ireland, was noted for the experimental use of language and exploration of new literary methods. He is still regarded as Ireland's most influential writer. his major works include Ulysses (1992), Finnegans Wake(1939) and A Portrait of the artist as a young man (1916). he is also the author of short story collections - Dubliners (1914) and collection of poetry which includes Chamber Music (1907), Pomes Penyeach (1927), etc., Joyce's novels had the grip of innovative language, use of dialogue, characteristics modernists forms and social frankness met with resistance when they first appeared in print - Ulysses, as a result, it was banned in the United States from 1922 until 1933.

"Love loves to love love" James Joyce's Ulysses is widely considered to be both a literary masterpiece and one of the hardest work in literature to read. Written in 1918, first published in instalments between March 1918 and December 1920 in an American Journal - The Little Review. As a novel, it was first published in 1922. This novel inspires such devotion that once a year on a day called 'Bloomsday' thousands of people all over the world dress up like the characters take to the streets and read the book aloud, and some even make a pilgrimage to Dublin, just to visit the places so vividly depicted in Joyce's opus. There are few remarkable things about the book, that keeps people coming back -  the plot. It transpires over a single day - June 16, Thursday. The whole novel takes place on a single day - June 16, Thursday 1904, it was a special day for Joyce, as this was the day when he met Nora Barnacle, his future wife. During this day, the thre

STANZA WISE EXPLANATION Stanza - 1 I wander thro' each charter'd street, Near where the charter'd Thames does flow. And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. The speaker in the first stanza states that he walked through the streets of London near the River Thames and whomsoever he meets, he finds a sign of weakness and unhappiness in their face. Stanza - 2 In every cry of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban, The mind-forg'd manacles I hear In the second stanza, the speaker explains the mental and physical state of the people. he states that every sound he hears, whether its the cry of a man or the cry of the child, he realizes that the people are trapped in every way - mentally as well as physically. Stanza - 3 How the Chimney-sweepers cry Every blackning Church appalls, And the hapless Soldiers sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls In the third stanza, the speaker talks about the ruinin

Language and structure of the poem The structure of the poem is in the form of Repetitive Structure The poem is written in quatrains - Stanza of four lines each The rhyming scheme of the poem is ABAB Repetition is the key point in the poem The repetition of words, rhyming scheme and the stanza structure reflects how the life of suffering is repetitive and inescapable There is no relief from this suffering because it's a result of the choices of those in powerful positions - they are the only people who could do something about it Stanza one and two focuses on the people who are suffering Stanza three explores the cause of suffering - highlights the church, industrialization, landowners, monarchy and the government The final stanza returns to those who are suffering again By ending with the same topic as the poem began with - implementing a cynical, repetitive structure - which once again highlights the inescapable fate of those in the city.

Willaim Blake was a 19th-century writer and artist, was regarded as the seminal figure of the Romantic age . Born in 1757 in London, began writing at an early age. Blake respected Bible but disliked organized religion such as the church of England . He often wrote about rebelling against the misuse of power and class. Blake died in 1827 , London. Apart from his various works, Blake's most celebrated works are 'Songs of Innocence (1789)' and 'Songs of Experience (1794)' . After the publication of the latter, both are regarded as the companion piece of another. 'Songs of Innocence' focused on the simple moral lessons for children to learn emphasizing nature. Whereas on the other hand 'Songs of experience (1794)' focused on the much harder, harsher view of the corrupted world by humans, and in terms of the power and conflict cluster ' London ' which is characterized under ' Songs of Experience ' can be seen as a critique of hum